اللغـــة

By Anonymous -
اللغة




اللغة نسق من الإشارات والرموز، يشكل أداة من أدوات المعرفة، وتعتبر اللغة أهم وسائل التفاهم والاحتكاك بين أفراد المجتمع في جميع ميادين الحياة. وبدون اللغة يتعذر نشاط الناس المعرفي. وترتبط اللغة بالتفكير ارتباطًا وثيقًا؛ فأفكار الإنسان تصاغ دومًا في قالب لغوي، حتى في حال تفكيره الباطني. ومن خلال اللغة فقط تحصل الفكرة على وجودها الواقعي. كما ترمز اللغة إلى الأشياء المنعكسة فيها.
تنقسم لغات العالم إلى عائلات لغوية، كاللغات الأفريقية الآسيوية واللغات الهندية الأوروبية، حيث تحوي كل منها عددًا من اللغات ذوات الأصول والخصائص المتشابهة. قائمة اللغات حسب عدد متحدثيها: توضح أهم اللغات انتشارا.
  • اللغات الاصطناعية: تحاكي الأنظمة اللغوية التي تطورت طبيعيا خلال مدى زمني أطول.
  • لغات البرمجة: وهي أساليب معيارية لإيصال التعليمات إلى الحواسب
  • اللغويات: وهو علم دراسة اللغات البشرية: تاريخها، وبنائها نحوا وصرفا، ونظم الصوتيات والكتابة فيها.

ويكيبيديـــا - الموسوعــة الحـــرة

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